Abraham's Covenant
Abraham enters a covenant with God — the founding moment of Judaism. God promises him a land and that his descendants will become a great nation.
Exodus from Egypt
Moses leads the Israelites out of Egyptian slavery. God reveals the Torah at Mount Sinai, giving the Jewish people their law and identity.
First Temple Built
King Solomon builds the First Temple in Jerusalem — the holiest site in Judaism, housing the Ark of the Covenant.
First Temple Destroyed
Babylonian King Nebuchadnezzar destroys the Temple and exiles the Jews to Babylon. The Torah is codified during this period to preserve identity.
Second Temple Built
Exiles return from Babylon and build the Second Temple. Jewish life and prayer are reorganized around it.
Septuagint Translated
The Hebrew Bible is translated into Greek (Septuagint), making it accessible to Jews living across the Mediterranean diaspora.
Second Temple Destroyed
The Romans destroy the Second Temple and scatter the Jewish people. Rabbinic Judaism emerges, centered on Torah study and synagogue life.
Mishnah Compiled
Rabbi Judah HaNasi compiles the Mishnah — oral law now written down — preserving Jewish law for diaspora communities.
Talmud Completed
The Babylonian Talmud is completed — the most comprehensive and authoritative work of Jewish law and tradition.
Maimonides Born
Rabbi Moses ben Maimon (Rambam) becomes one of the greatest Jewish philosophers, codifying Jewish law in the Mishneh Torah.
State of Israel Founded
After the Holocaust, the State of Israel is established — a pivotal moment for global Jewry and the fulfillment of Zionist aspirations.